Pituitary adenomas are very common and easily recognizable because of their specific clinical entity. Due to hormone hypersecretion, pituitary adenomas cause specific endocrine disorders, such as acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, Cushing’s disease or, rarely, hyperthyreosis. The compression of neighbouring anatomical structures can cause hypopituitarism or neurological symptoms, most commonly chiasma syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with sellar region tumours along with clinical examination includes endocrinological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) of the head, which is the gold standard. Treatment of sellar region tumours is predominantly surgical. Transsphenoidal and microsurgical or endoscopic approaches are the most common, while transcranial approach is used in less that 5% of cases. Some types of pituitary tumours may be treated with drug therapy. Occasionally, radiosurgical methods may be used. Extensive studies of gene therapy and use of nanomedicine in the treatment of sellar region tumours are still ongoing. New technology, such as neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI , radiosurgery (gamma-knife) and their integrated use slowly lead to the development of robotic surgical techniques for the treatment of sellar tumours. 

Key words:
adenoma; dopamine agonists; endocrine system diseases; magnetic resonance imaging; neuronavigation; pituitary neoplasms; radiosurgery; surgical procedures, minimally invasive